Friday, December 27, 2019

The Fall Of Rome And The Roman Empire - 1435 Words

Length: 1398 words (4 double-spaced pages) Rating: Red (FREE) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Fall of Rome Did the Roman Empire deserve to Fall? No, The achievements of the Roman Empire were unmatched at its time. Many things it accomplished are ideas and ways of life that did not become widespread until after its fall. The Roman Empire would have made the advancement of people in Europe much faster. The Roman Empire was the most modern ancient empire. It made many advancements in the arts and sciences. It had many great poets, philosophers, artists, and engineers. The Romans encouraged learning and supported any who endeavored to make discoveries or technological improvement. If the Roman Empire had not fallen, the world, from a scientific stand point would be very different today. The Roman Empire would have made discoveries and scientific advancements before the Dark Ages. During the Dark Ages no scientific studies or appreciation of the arts took place. For almost an entire millennium humans made no advancements. The barbarians, who destroyed Rome, destroyed it to tak e its wealth not its knowledge. The knowledge that was lost was not resurrected until the Renaissance. Technological improvement was at a standstill. If the Roman empire had lasted, Europe would not have fallen into that dark period. Rome would have kept modernizing. Today, we could be at a technological level we may not reach for many years. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of Rome Roman Empire905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fall of Rome The Western Roman Empire was once at the pinnacle of civilisation, widely regarded as one of the largest empires in history. Their extreme wealth made them the pioneers in warfare, medicine, architecture, politics, culture and philosophy. At its peak in 117 AD, it spanned over 5,000,000 square kilometres, and had a population of almost 57,000,000 people. In spite of its sheer power and level of innovation, The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD. The fall of the Western Roman EmpireRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire950 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire was undoubtedly the most powerful Empire the Mediterranean area had ever seen. However, the inevitable Roman Empire was destined to fall after the series of problems that made the once prominent empire fade away. Rome was easily the center of the world at its time and the idea that such an influential empire would eventually fall was unheard of. The Roman Empire was not built in a day; therefore it was not destroyed in one day. The powerful empire declined for many reasons, but theRead MoreFall of the Roman Empire758 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Horsley HIS 126 3 March 2010 The fall of the Roman Empire Political, economic and social aspects were all involved in the fall of the Roman Empire. In 395 A.D., Rome was divided into two empires, with one capital in Rome and the other in Constantinople. During that time, the western Roman Empire was being invaded by barbarian tribes from the North. In 410, the Visigoth tribe succeeded in conquering the western capital in Rome. In 476, the western Emperor Romulus Augustulus wasRead MoreThe Roman Empire And How Did It Affect Rome?1052 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Roman Empire and how did it affect Rome? As history teaches, the Roman Empire was a great and solid empire. From the time of its birth to its fall the Roman Empire was known and remembered for its greatness. Yet through all of that, somehow, someway it fell apart. It became the million dollar question that almost everyone was asking themselves. How and why did the Roman Empire fall? The answer to that question is inconsistency and the lack of good leadership. The fall of the Roman EmpireRead MoreReasons For The Fall Of The Roman Empire1127 Words   |  5 PagesWhy the Roman Empire Fell The Roman Empire was the most influential and structured government in history.Although they were more advanced they could not avoid the pitfalls that all countries face.Throughout history and even now civilizations can be dependant on these basic needs such as just political leadership, keeping the middle class at bay,economy, and religious morals,but unfortunately the Roman Empire had difficulties maintaining these basic needs. Through my research I have found severalRead MoreThe Fall Of Roman Empire1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of Roman Empire Roman Empire was considered as one of the most influential and dominant Empire in the history that has ever existed. â€Å"The Roman Empire at its zenith in the period of the Principate (roughly, 27 BC to AD 235) covered vast tracts of three continents, Europe, Africa, and Asia† (Garnsey). It was an ancient, modern Empire, and it supported anyone who made discoveries and technological improvements. The Empire was the strongest governing body in the Mediterranean. If the RomanRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fall of Rome HIST534 A001 Sum 15 American Military University David Provencher (ID# 4358187) July 30, 2015 The fall of the Roman Empire is one of the most discussed and debated events in ancient history. Many historians site the date of 476 A. D. as the day the empire ended, but there are also many that say that the 476 A.D. date is subjective because it took many years of internal problems and neglect for the empire to come to an end. Even from the beginning of the Empire underRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1440 Words   |  6 PagesSophie Loren Plays a Leading Role in the Fall of the Roman Empire? The reason for the fall of the Roman Empire is a controversial topic under much historical debate. How did such a great empire, known for being one of the largest that lasted over a millennium, fall? The Roman Empire transitioned from a republic to an empire in 31 BCE. Augustus Caesar was the first emperor. He created harmony in Rome, but not in calendars as he added August as the eighth month to follow July, which was named afterRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1611 Words   |  7 PagesRome was an empire with extremely high aspirations and expectations from. Its founders chose to steal women from neighboring villages, in order to grow its population. These aggressive and expansionary ideologies remained within the personalities of every Roman, living inside the great empire 755 years later. And yet despite its vast military presence and growing cities and towns, the Roman Empire and its capital still succumbed to a barbarian takeover. This was widely regarded as one of the greatestRead MoreThe Decline Of The Roman Empire1437 Words   |  6 Pages It is incredible how once the most dominating Empire in the ancient world declined and fell apart so suddenly. The Roma n Empire lasted from 31 BCE to 476 CE and controlled most of the Mediterranean world. It was founded when Augustus Caesar converted the conflicted and split Rome into an Empire. At one point, it was the greatest Empire with extraordinary power†¦ But then everything changed. This is due to multiple issues within Rome itself and outside of it as well. First of all, there was

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Outsourcings Effect on America Essay - 1970 Words

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and come up with a reasonable conclusion on the effects of outsourcing in America. From overworking, to a decline in the manufacturing sector, a high wealth gap, and finally the contribution of corporate lobbying are prime examples of the by-product that were created by outsourcing. Although free trade is the root of the problem, outsourcing is the most prevalent issue that it has created. Since free trade is now a standard and cannot be eliminated we will look into how outsourcing, since it can still be controlled, has affected America. First we will look at closely the statistics for outsourcing. According to Lori G. Kletzer statistics, 7.1 million jobs have been displaced since 1979. This is an†¦show more content†¦This is just one specific example of a company, but an example that is becoming more and more prevalent as companies seek more cost cutting measures to expand profits and improve the bottom line. The manufacturing sector that once was the pivotal and focal point of the American dream is being wiped out and transplanted at an astronomical rate. For example quoting the graphs from the future of manufacturing survey of 2009, companies themselves predicted that 25% of their products would be manufactured directly outside of the U.S. in 2012 and that’s up from 18% in 2009. This is a 7 percent rise in 3 years that will only grow larger as companies become more familiar and more efficient at outsourcing as a growing number of free trade agreements are reached and more information on the process of outsourcing becomes readily available and obtained. But where exactly are these jobs heading to? Again quoting from the graphs of the future of manufacturing survey of 2009, 59% of the companies said they will outsource their manufacturing to china by 2012 and that is up 9% from the 50% that said they did in 2009. 30% will outsource to India by 2012 up 13% from the 17% that responded they already do in 20 09. As former Senator Byron Dorgan states throughout his book, China is the leading destination for American jobs withShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Outsourcing in America Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesThis quote by Adam Smith, cited by Timothy Taylor, defines outsourcing as a task that can be done within a group, but is instead done by a third-party group for less money. While outsourcing service benefits American firms, studies show it takes jobs from middle-class Americans and adversely affects the American economy; however, other research proposes that outsourcing might actually benefit the American economy. One effect of outsourcing is that it economically benefits American firms both domesticallyRead MoreAmeric Top Dog Or Underdog?1556 Words   |  7 Pages America: Top Dog or Underdog? Fasten your seatbelts ladies and gentlemen because I’m about to talk you on a field trip that will brush the dust particles off of your brain cells and make you see America like you’ve never seen it before. Your mind will be blown with the statements made by the two authors Barbara Ehrenreich and Fareed Zakaria. This is about to be the most fascinating adventure of your life. Outsourcing, international relations, and foreign policy all combined into one paper. BarbaraRead MoreThe Outsourcing Trickle Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesAs esteemed journalist Tom Piatak wisely puts it, â€Å"The trickle of outsourcing threatens to become a flood.† His words speak the truth as outsourcing has left United States’ workers jobless, and it continues to increase the unemployment rate every year. During February of 2009, American workers lost a record 651,000 jobs alone, increasing the unemployment rate to 8.1 percent, the highest it has been in 25 years (Katel). Mult inational corporations, hoping to cut down costs and stay profitable in theRead MoreAmerican Companies Are On The Move Case Study989 Words   |  4 PagesThis element is the very basis of what we know today as commerce, but the way modern businesses have done this is completely different and far riskier than what businesses did in the past. One controversial way they are doing this is through â€Å"outsourcing† in which companies move overseas for a variety of reasons and it has already become a commonplace practice in modern business because of its benefits, but it is the unforeseen consequences – that undermine these benefits – which are just as ground-breakingRead MoreIs Outsourcing Bad Or Good? The Us Economy?898 Words   |  4 PagesA) Why is outsourcing so bad or good to the US economy? In general, the outsourcing is hiring the foreign workers/company to do a particular task, as opposed to hiring domestic workers/company. Besides the outsourcing, the international purchase is an essential activity of companies. In the trend of a booming global economy, a company only focuses on its core value and hire suppliers to supply the necessary product and service. The relationship between companies are complicated and interdependentRead MoreThe Impact Of Outsourcing Of American Occupations Abroad1489 Words   |  6 Pagesportray the effect of the outsourcing of American occupations abroad. There are two strong arguments with outsourcing: one that accepts the handiness and profits of the outsourcing and the other that energetically restricts outsourcing and focus on its negatives. Government organizations accept that outsourcing may decrease the expense of the assembling of items and give administrations less expensive cost, and others feel that outsourcing has triggered hug e layoffs and loss of jobs. America needs toRead More The Outsourcing of American Jobs Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe Outsourcing of American Jobs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The exporting of American jobs is an issue that is important and will become increasingly so as more and more white collar jobs are shipped overseas. American companies in the past few decades have been sending American jobs overseas paying residents of other countries pennies on the dollar what they had paid American workers to do. This saves the companies millions of dollars on labor costs but costs Americans precious jobs. As the problem of job outsourcingRead MoreGlobalization and Outsourcing Can be Beneficial Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pages For decades, American citizens have been complaining about how outsourcing has ruined their lives and that it is only going to harm America and its economy. Unfortunately, jobs are going to be lost and the unemployment rate may rise due to globalization. However, the benefits of globalization are infinite. People in other parts of the world will achieve a greater life than they ever thought possible due to the factories built in their countries. Due to the poverty in third world countries, theseRead MoreEffects of Outsourcing on Companies Employees and the Economy1634 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Outsourcing Timothy Nicotera University of New Hampshire Abstract This paper will look through the effects that outsourcing has on American business, the economy, and social issues now as well as into the future. Outsourcing is a growing trend among companies large and small as an attempt to gain a competitive advantage in both local and global markets. There are both positive and negative impacts of this way of doing business that need to be realized and accounted for in order forRead MoreImpact Of Offshoring On The American Economy1417 Words   |  6 Pagesas 10% of the average earnings in America. Although this is happening in many professions, it is extremely noticeable in engineering with the managers of these large companies hoping to save a net cost of 70 percent (Ron Hira). This strategy, which is commonly known as offshoring, has been increasing in popularity exponentially and there have been many debates as to whether this method of production is a benefit, or a burden. It is uncertain what the overall effect of offshoring will have on the American

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Dwight Henderson 12/12/2016 College summit If I co Essay Example For Students

Dwight Henderson 12/12/2016 College summit If I co Essay Dwight Henderson12/12/2016College summitIf I could go back in time, and give myself advice for my first semester in college it would be to go to class more. College was a mixture of various emotions. My first week at the University of Toledo, was memorable something I would never forget. I meet friends that I still have to this day and partied a lot. Living every young adults dream. I became so accustomed to doing nothing that I didnt feel completely ready when the first day of classes begun. I wasnt prepared to wake up early and learn. Something I wish I did was go to class more, in the many semesters of college that I have left, I will try my best to attend every class. No matter how tired I am, there was times that I missed valuable information. My first day of class I was really nervous about, I arrived on time and sat in the front. I would tell myself to always sit in the front and make eye contact with the teacher. Answer questions for participation points. Another piece of advice I would give myself is to not buy textbooks but to rent them, I noticed this year I rarely found myself using my teacher and only been assigned work in the text book from one class. College has taught me what true independence is, I walked into college with the thought that my professors would be understanding, and encouraging which wasnt the case. Many of my professors kept a business relationship with there students. Just a simplehelloand work began. It was also hard to ask questions, I would tell my future self to go to the help centers and office hours to receive any extra information/help that I needed in class. Another thing I wish I did was homework, important assignments I would do but simple homework I wouldnt complete. The great thing about homework I learned later in the semester is that it helped me learn information that I didnt understand. I often found myself learning more through homework than I did in class.Another point of advice I would give myself is that not everyone is your friend. And I shouldnt call everyone my friend. Or open up so easily and early. I meet people the first week of school who I thought would be my lifelong friends. I rarely speak so some of them anymore. Talking to people is something that I wish I did more. I was always shy in some classes. There were times I could have spoken to people and got to know them better but I didnt take the opportunity. Many people would visit others floor during welcome week and just simply talk to people and exchange contact information. At the beginning of the semester I would never do that, thinking it would be awkward and weird to talk to other strangers with out having anything really in common with them.Looking back I also would tell myself to go to more school events. I would go to class the occasional party from time to time. But mostly I spent time at Parks tower. Hanging out with people on my floor. I would go to sporting events sometimes, but I feel like that wasnt enough for me. Free events on campus and de-stressers were something that I would miss out on. The clubs on campus I should have gotten more information some, its a easy way to meet people and expand your horizons on life. College has taught me a lot, some good some bad. I wouldnt do this semester over if I got paid to though. I will take the lessons and the blessings and continue to strive. Through hard work and grind it is possible. I can now give advice to my siblings and friends who will be entering college in the fall. Letting them know how the good and bad of college to make there experience much better.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Simpsons, satire and sitcom Essay Example

The Simpsons, satire and sitcom Paper Comedy is work that provokes laughter. Commedia dell Arte is one type of comedy which was developed in Italy in the 16th and 17th century. It is characterized by improvised text based on plot outlines. It is a fact that the majority of modern-day sitcoms are based on the elements of commedia and satire, because it is a sure thing. A sure thing that it will entertain, amuse and keep the targeted audience occupied. It is the only thing that has been constant over the centuries because people are entertained by this. Another reason it is so successful is because people can relate the elements of commedia to their week night entertainment shows such as Everybody Loves Raymond, Seinfeld and Becker. Another extremely popular comedy series is The Simpsons. Based on everyday family dilemmas and situations, people still find this hilarious after seventeen years and still in the running. The Simpsons are one example of a modern sitcom with some features and characters that can relate to the o ld characters of Commedia dell Arte. This essay will explain to you how and what the similarities are between The Simpsons and the characters of commedia dell Arte. The Simpsons were created by Matt Groening in 1987. Theyfirst were a series of 30 sec for the Tracy Ullman Show. These 30 sec spots included the whole Simpson family. Thefirst proper episode was released on April 19th 1987, this episode introduced the viewers to the Simpson family. This demonstrated how crude the family was and it also introduced their crude eating habits. The main characters are of coarse the Simpson family. The family includes Homer Simpson (the father) Marge Simpson (the mother) and Bart, Lisa and Maggie the Kids. Each one of these characters has a different and unique personality. They all have feature that relate them back to the characters of commedia dell Arte.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Art Evaluation Essays

Art Evaluation Essays Art Evaluation Essay Art Evaluation Essay Explore-at the start of this project I looked at the artists Karl Blosfeldt and Peter Randall Page. Karl Blosfeldt was a German photographer who took photographs of natural forms. Peter Randall Page is a British artist who takes natural forms and uses the textures and colours to make interesting sculptures. I think I presented my work which included my botanical drawing of kiwi, my flower observation drawing and other pieces in an eye-catching and interesting way. Create. I experimented with my collages by using low relief and by using materials which have the colours of natural forms like brown tape. With my drawing I used tried to show the texture of the object I was focusing on.The materials I used were brown tape, cardboard (thick and thin) and tissue paper. The techniques I used were slotting, using low and high relief. Evaluate. At the start I think I did not really annotate my work but now i think I have fully annotated my work at have improve the pages at the start of my book. I think I have planned my work well because I put thought into how I am going to organise a page and my ideas. My drawings show that I have reflected the styles of the artists work because I have taken their work at incorporated several ideas into my own work. I have reviewed my work my putting a footnote at the bottom of the page. The footnote includes my opinion of how well I did something or what I liked about something. I presented my work in a way so that the people looking at my work can read my writing but the way it was put on the page is bold and visually good. Understand. I think that my work does show a link to the artists work, like I said before in the evaluate section, I have incorporated their styles and put it into my work. My final piece of work did turn out as expected because it had different shapes to show the textures on a real life form. I am particularly pleased with my leave structure as it was one of three parts which look like a part on a real life form. I like the colours I used for the leave structure and I like how the tissue paper gives more natural texture. The changes I would make on my overall structure would be to have a more brighter area because most of structure it pretty dark, so that is how I would improve it. The best bits of making this structure was the painting because it was quite relaxing and you take your time. The worst bit would have to be putting together the structure in the first place because cutting out shapes from the cardboard was really hard and took ages. Feedback. No, I dont think there was anything in the project that I did not understand. I liked the theme and the project because it involved different techniques like painting, drawing and making collages. If I designed the project the work that I would like to do more botanical drawing because I would like to improve on my shading. I think that the project is good as it already is.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

buy custom Culture and Medicine essay

buy custom Culture and Medicine essay Introduction Since the beginning of time, human beings have held culture and belief systems that explain issues in their lives according to Gordon (2006). Some of the issues include the essence of life, existence of a supreme being, origin of disease and so on. In the documentary Hold your breath by Dr. Monsen, an Afghan migrant named Mohammed Kochi is faced with a dilemma of whether to trust the doctors for his cancer treatment or Allah whom he believes that he is the answer to his disease. In this study, we are going to focus on ways in which cultural systems affect the issue of treatment, the issues surrounding cultural diversity and the social effect of combining medicine and culture. This documentary is based on a story of a person with a deep sense of religious background and cultural system. The main character, Kochi is an immigrant from the Arab world and lives in the United States. Throughout his life he is seen to have gone from predicament to another notably seeking asylum in the foreign country. With no English language familiarity the aspect of communication posses a great challenge to him and he relies on the family for translation. The biggest challenge comes about when he is diagnosed with cancer. This situation makes him to be in a big dilemma of how it originated and how he was to deal with that situation. It goes without saying that he thought the disease was a role of the Supreme Being and his will is the suffers from the same. Furthermore the medical explanation is complicated more with the factor he is not conversant with the medical language and English. However, with the family members acting as the interpreter the magnitude of the diseases effect is compromised on the patient as he shuns chemotherapy and embarks on a pilgrimage as shown by Grainger- Monsen (2005). So how does culture belief patter affect medical treatment? We are going to see that it affects in three general ways namely hindering of communication and explanation of the diseases origin, the treatments and management as well as the social settings surrounding the patients and their relationships. Communication is the first step in diagnosing any ailment or disease that a doctor is presented. This is compromised in the beginning when the patient, Kochi, uses the family members who have a denial-oriented mindset about diseases and their origin. The tuth of the matter is that the patient is suffering from cancer but the family is likely to have misinformed him about the extent of the damage that the disease is likely to cause. This is portrayed with the reaction of the patient who instead of taking the news seriously and respond immediately decides to seek divine intervention and makes way to Hajj. This portrays the explanation that cultural and religious doctrines teach on the origin and explanations of diseases and ailments. According to the study by Gordon et.al, different religions, race and even physical settings are likely to explain the reasons why diseases come about using different approaches. Religion for instance Islam and Hinduism tend to believe that the reason why disease and ailments come about is by the victim having committed a crime against God or the family tree is condemned and the disease is to be solved by prayer. Although not all of the people of the faith believe so, a good number have a conviction that it is the reason. In the same report, the reaction of African American communities is different from the Arabic oriented culture as well as the Caucasian society. As a matter of fact, many people attribute disease and illnesses to four different causes namely factors within the individuals themselves like bad habits, mental or psychological stress, , factors of the environment like pollution dirty environment as well as germs, factors associated with the social world like other peoples roles and lastly supernatural factors like the supreme being or God. In the case of Kochi, the family tends to focus on the religious aspect completely ignoring the aspect that the patient needs urgent chemotherapy and is dying from it sooner or later. Although there is some truth about the existence of miracle or unusual happenings even in the medical grounds when people heal or dont show previous symptoms, the happenings are minute and are not much to account for. In fact the daughter of Kochi in this case blames the culturally insensitive doctors for letting the father be confused with the treatment. The biggest effect which the cultural explanations have on the medical treatment ids the medical intervention sought by the victims. Just as it is in the case of interpreting the origin of the disease, the victims also look for intervention and treatment from places that are in tandem with their belief systems. Some religious cultures pprohibit their member from seeking medical care from westernized medical redress systems. Hospitalization and use of drugs that are manufactured is considered taboo. In fact some of the religious extremists dont seek any medical attention at all. This brings complications and the diseases are likely to advance to stages where intervention is too late. The director of the documentary Grainger-Monsen (2005) in an interview says that in the medical field some patients regret about the reluctance they have while others dont show any to their graves. In the case of Mr. Kochi it was the case of a little too late because the family realized that the situation would have been much easier if handled in proper and medically testes ways. Cultures are here to stay and the effect of their principles are felt in all aspects of life ranging from social lifestyle, economy and lifestyle as well as the medicinal values, Srivastava (2007). This is because of the mindset that the people who have the beliefs posses. That may be enough justification for them to be engraved in the practices that not only endangering their lives but also the people surrounding them. However it is important to give a difference between myth and fact because that is the only way to face that problem through education and fact telling. The case of Kochi perfectly show the culture clash of the medicinal practice whereby the victim believe that the healing process is divine but on the other hand the medical world relies on the symptoms and evidence that the body of the patient shows to determine the disease and prescribe the medicines for it. In addition to that, the social aspect of the culture clashes with the medical theories and practices. The documentary of Mohammed Kochi which displays the effect of belief systems and the conflict of interest with the medical ground is an eye opener. But it is important that the facts and myths be put on the table to solve the increasing situations of culture-medicine clash in the world. In conclusion, all humans have a culture that they hold on to. It can be formal or informal conscious or otherwise but fact is that everybody has one. Mohammed Kochis story about the clash of Muslim faith and medicine is one example of the conflict of interest in this scenario. But with all outstanding situation truth about medicines must be justified with the best healing processes ever. Buy custom Culture and Medicine essay

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Research Methods in Social Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research Methods in Social Sciences - Essay Example   The experimental survey is a planed design that inflicts a great deal control over the conditions of the research procedure (Ruane, 2004). All experiments entail random task of participants in the phenomenon of the research, dependent and independent variables. The main aim of performing an experiment is to examine casual associations between the dependent variable and independent variable. Researchers might carry out experiments in extremely controlled laboratory settings or in field environments, in which the researcher has somewhat less control over the resultant forces that may influence the variables. In the laboratory, the researcher normally has adequate control over peripheral forces that may affect the participant. Simon indicates that the purpose of the experimental technique is to generate data from which a researcher might obtain genuine conclusions as efficiently as possible. The disparities in outcomes displayed among the different experimental and control groups do not arise from disparities in original forms among the groups. Rather, they result from differences among the stimuli offered to the experimental groups. As Crane, & Brewer asserts, the researcher who prepares the study and plans the conclusion measures, also resolves how the independent variable is to be maneuvered in most experimental research. In addition, most experimental research aims at testing forecasts based on hypothesis rather than generalizing directly from the simulated setting of the laboratory to real experience.Â